Updated June 2009
PI:
Mike
Worboys, Co-PI:
Silvia
Nittel (Geo-Sensor
Networks Lab)
Graduate students:
Jixiang
Jiang (PhD student), Cheng
Zhong (MS student),
Danqing Xiao (MS student)
This material is based upon work supported by the
National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0534429.
Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this
material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views
of the National Science Foundation (NSF).
The project abstract may be found
here
Brief project
description
Research tasks and results
Collaborations Broad impacts
Resources
Brief project description
Environmental phenomena, such as changes in global
levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide, can be modeled as variations of
measurements over regions of space and time, called dynamic spatial
fields. The goal of this project is to provide efficient ways for
sensor networks to monitor such fields, and to report significant changes in
them. The focus is on qualitative changes, such as splitting or emergence of
holes in a region of high activity. The approach is to develop qualitative
and topological methods to deal with changes. We use a combinatorial map
model of the sensor network, which is rich enough so that for each sensor,
its position, and the distances and bearings of neighboring sensors are
easily computed. The sensors are responsive to changes in the spatial field,
so that sensors are activated in the vicinity of 'interesting' developments
in the field, while sensors are deactivated in quiescent locations. All
computation and message passing is local, with no centralized control.
Optimization is addressed through use of techniques in qualitative
representation and reasoning, and efficient update through a dynamic and
responsive underlying spatial framework.
[back to top]
Research tasks and results
Research Task 1: Dynamic
spatial fields (Dr. Worboys)
RT1 is concerned with characterizations of the qualitative aspects of the
dynamic field and their relationship to the combinatorial map structure.
-
The taxonomy of spatial changes proposed in year 2 is refined and
extended in year 3. In this ongoing work, we have focused on the development of
an ontology of spatial changes in OWL (web
ontology language) using Protégé 3. This
ontology contains over 200 classes, including the class' terminological
definition and the class' formalized restrictions. (Danqing
Xiao,
Silvia
Nittel,
Mike
Worboys, Year 3)
[Classes of topological changes] [Classes
of metric changes] [owl file download]
-
We have worked on the formal modeling of continuous spatial phenomena
for geosensor networks. We thoroughly
reviewed the former studies in the wireless sensor network field on
boundary detection. Then we looked at how to track boundary deformation
spontaneously over time. (Danqing
Xiao,
Silvia
Nittel, Year 3)
-
We have proposed the local tree model for representing spatial changes,
based on which a complete set of
types of topological changes is specified.
The local tree model provides a foundation for topological change
detection using sensor networks. (Jixiang
Jiang,
Mike
Worboys, Year 3)
[Technical
report]
Publication:
J. Jiang, and M.
Worboys,
"Preliminaries
for topological
change detection in sensor networks."In
Proc. of 3rd International conferences
on
Geosensor networks, Oxford, England,
2009
-
We have set up a comprehensive taxonomy of all spatial changes.
An ontology of qualitative continuant in
dynamic spatial fields is under construction and implementation in
Protégé. (Danqing
Xiao,
Mike
Worboys, Year 2)
[The taxonomy]
-
A two-layer framework is
proposed for analyzing spatial and temporal entities for sensor
networks. In the first layer,
basic objects and events directly from collected sensor data are
conceptualized. In the second layer, the data level entities are
projected onto the information level to be expanded to global-level and
semantic-rich entities. (Danqing
Xiao, Year 2)
-
We have provided an analysis and classification of events associated
with the changes in topological structure of
spatial areal objects as they evolve through time. The classification
results provide a foundation for converting the qualitative
spatial-temporal sensor readings into quantitative description. (Jixiang
Jiang,
Mike
Worboys, Years 1,2)
Publication: J. Jiang, and M. Worboys,
"Event-based
topology for dynamic planar areal objects."International Journal
of Geographic Information Science, 23(1):33-60,
2009.
Research Task 2: Combinatorial maps (Dr.
Worboys)
Research Task 3: Using combinatorial maps as
communication network topology (Dr. Nittel)
RT2 concerns the combinatorial map as the underlying topological structure
of the sensor network, and its relationship to the sensor network, and
responsiveness the dynamic field. RT3 focuses on algorithms to use
combinatorial maps as communication network topology.
-
Using Delaunay
triangulation to set up the communication network topology, a new
topological change detection
approaches is proposed. This approach collects the information required
by the local tree model, and determines the type of change by the model.
Communication cost is reduced using a boundary group based framework.
(Jixiang
Jiang,
Mike
Worboys, Years 2,3)
Publication:
J. Jiang, and M.
Worboys,
"Detecting basic topological changes
in sensor networks by local aggregation."In
Proc. of ACMGIS 2008, Orange County, CA, 2008. [presentation
slides]
-
The approach proposed in stage 1 is
improved. A more flexible boundary group framework is proposed that
enables reusing the time-invariant data during the monitoring.
Communication cost is further reduced based on the new framework. .
(Jixiang
Jiang,
Mike
Worboys,
Silvia
Nittel, Year 3)
[Technical
Report]
Publication:
J.
Jiang, M.F. Worboys, and S. Nittel, "Qualitative
change detection using sensor networks based on connectivity information",
Geoinformatica, (under review)
-
Based on the combinatorial map model, a data structure is designed that
enables each sensor to store its neighbor information efficiently. This
data structure helps to save network energy. Simulation experiments
agreed very well with the design. (Cheng
Zhong,
Mike
Worboys, Years 1,2)
Publication: C. Zhong, and M.
Worboys,"Continuous
contour mapping in sensor networks."In Proc. Of the 5th IEEE
Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC),
Las Vegas, NV, 2008. [presentation
slides]
-
As an extension of the work in 2, an energy-efficient technique,
isovector aggregation, is proposed. This
technique reports and reconstructs the contour maps at the base station,
which provides an efficient way to visualize and monitor the dynamic
fields. (Cheng
Zhong,
Mike
Worboys Years 1,2)
Publication: C. Zhong, and M.
Worboys, "Generating
contours in a sensor network using isovector
aggregation."In Proc. Of the 5th IEEE Upstate NY Workshop on
Communications, Sensors and Networking, 2007. [presentation
slides] [technical
report]
-
We have modeled a specific combinatorial map
as the basic topological structure for the triangulation over the nodes
of a sensor network. The model provides a framework for the detection of
global high-level events based on local low-level “snapshot”
spatiotemporal data. (Mike
Worboys,
Matt
Duckham, Year 1)
Publication: M. Worboys,
and M. Duckham,"Monitoring
qualitative spatial change for geosensor
networks."International Journal of Geographic Information Science,
20(10), 1087-1108, 2006.
Research Task 4:
Monitoring the field based on qualitative information (Dr.
Nittel)
RT4 relates to real-world experiments with qualitative properties of
continuous phenomena.
-
A simulation
environment is setup based on Prowler, a Matlab-based network simulator.
Both topological change detection approaches proposed in RT2-3 are
implemented and tested. Sample videos that show the detection procedure
of both approaches can be downloaded at our project website.(Jixiang
Jiang,
Mike
Worboys,
Silvia
Nittel, Year 3)
[Sample Video 1 - local
aggregation approach] [Sample Video
1 - local boundary reporting approach]
-- In the video, red nodes represent nodes participated in the
reporting, star nodes represent the group heads, and edges between the
nodes show the routing trees constructed in the groups
-
We have defined topological change and present in-network algorithms to
detect such changes. An adaptive sensor network management strategy is
applied, and energy efficiency is achieved by dynamic sensor activation
and deactivation. (
Christopher Farah, Cheng
Zhong,
Mike
Worboys,
Silvia
Nittel, Year 2)
Publication: C. Farah, C. Zhong, M.
Worboys, and S. Nittel,
"Detecting topological change using a wireless sensor network." Proceedings
of Geographic Information Science (GIScience
2008), Springer LNCS 5266, 55-69
-
Dr. Nittel has published a paper with Dr.
Young J. Young with regard to processing real-world sensor data
collected over a campus area in
Korea, and to represent the sensor
data as layers for further processing and spatial queries. (Year 2)
Publication: Y. J. Jung, and S. Nittel,
2008, "Geosensor Data abstraction for
environmental monitoring application."In Proceedings of Geographic
Information Science (GIScience
2008), Springer LNCS 5266, 168-180.
-
Dr. Nittel participated in the spring 2008
IGERT testbed class, which constructed a
wireless sensor network to measure the light field around tomato plants
in a commercial greenhouse in
Madison, ME. She assisted the students in their field
trip to set-up the network, and test the sensor data collection. (Year
2)
Other publications
-
J. Jiang, "Specifying and detecting topological changes to an areal
object.", Ph.D. dissertation, University of Maine, 2009.
-
C. Zhong, "Generating
contour maps for dynamic fields monitored by sensor networks.
", Master thesis, University of Maine, 2008.
-
J. Stell and M. Worboys, "A theory of change for attributed spatial
entities."In Proceedings of Geographic Information Science (GIScience
2008), Springer LNCS 5266, 308-319.
-
S. Nittel, A.
Labrinidis, and A. Stefanidis,
"Advances in geosensor networks."Springer
LNCS 4540, 2008 (Book).
-
A. Klippel,
M. Worboys, and M.
Duckham, "Identifying factors of geographic event
conceptualisation."International
Journal of Geographic Information Science, 22(2), 183-204.
-
M.
Duckham, M. Worboys,
and
A.
Galton, "Efficient generation of simple polygons for
characterizing the shape of a set of points in the plane."Pattern
Recognition, 41(10), 3224-3236, 2008.
-
A.
Klippel, M. Worboys,
and M. Duckham, "Conceptual neighbourhood
blindness – on the cognitive adequacy of gradual topological changes."Conference
on Spatial Cognition, Workshop on Talking about and perceiving moving
objects: exploring the bridge between natural language, perception and
formal ontologies of space. Bremen, Germany, 2006.
-
M.
Worboys, and M. Duckham,
"Formalizing mobility in dynamic location-aware sensor networks."(short
paper). International Workshop on Mobile Location-Aware Sensor
Networks,
Nara, Japan, IEEE Publications, 2006.
-
J. Jiang, and M.
Worboys, "Specifying
events by changes in topological properties (Extended Abstract)."
presented at Geographic Information Science-Fourth International
Conference, GIScience 2006,
Germany, 2006.
-
C. Farah, and M.
Worboys, "Specifying
qualitative analysis of a scalar field using a wireless sensor network
(Extended Abstract)" presented at Geographic Information
Science-Fourth International Conference, GIScience
2006, Germany, 2006.
[back to top]
Collaborations
(Jan.
2009 and
July 2008) Dr. John Stell from University of Leeds, UK
visited our department twice.
During the visits, Dr. Stell worked with PI Dr.
Worboys on the development of theories on qualitative spatial changes, as
well as the analysis of granularity issues related to these changes.
(Nov. 2008)
Dr. Matt Duckham from University of Melbourne,
Australia, visited our department. During
his visit, Dr. Duckham presented and discussed with the members of sensor
network group in the area of decentralized spatial-temporal computing, and
cooperated with us to explore the new area of sensor network-based 3D
environmental phenomena monitoring.
(Aug./20/2008 - Oct./20/ 2008) Dr.
Nittel visited
Dr.
Niki Trigoni at
the Computational Lab,
University of Oxford,
from for collaboration during her
sabbatical. The focus of the collaboration is the usage of mobile data
collections sinks for fixed sensor networks.
(Jan. 2007) Dr. Worboys visited the
the
Department of
Geomatics,
University of Melbourne, Australia to work with collaborator
Dr. Matt
Duckham.
(Jan./01/2008 - Mar./24/2008) Dr.
Worboys visited the
School of Computing,
University of Leeds,
UK to work with collaborators
Dr. John
Stell and
Dr. Tony Cohn.
(Sept. 2007 - May 2008) Periodic online meetings were
hold between this project group at University of Maine and the
Distributed Spatial Computing group
at University of Melbourne, Australia.
Presentations from University of Melbourne:
Sept./13/2007, Muhammad Jafar
Sadeq,
Distributed detection of spatiotemporal change of regions using boundary
state
Oct./22/2007, Matt Duckham,
Distributed environmental simulation
and feedback in robust geosensor networks
Dec./03/2007, Patrick Laube,
FLAGS —flocking amongst geo-sensors
Apr./23/2008, Muhammad Jafar
Sadeq,
Effect of neighborhood on in-network processing
Presentations from University of Maine:
Sept./13/2007, Cheng Zhong,
Detect region changes locally in
sensor networks
Oct./22/2007, Christopher Farah,
Making use of routing protocols to
detect events in wireless sensor networks (WSNs)
Dec./03/2007, Jixiang Jiang,
Study on classifications of
topological changes
Apr./09/2008, Mike Worboys,
Some more thoughts on change
May/26/2008, Jixiang Jiang,
Detecting topological changes in
sensor networks by local aggregation
[back to top]
Broad impacts
IGERT
The project is closely integrated with a new NSF IGERT Program on
Sensor
Science, Engineering, and Informatics (SSEI). Both PIs Dr.
Worboys and Dr. Nittel
are Executive Committees of the program, and both are the panelists of the
informatics panel, SSEI IGERT summer institute workshop in 2008 and 2009,
respectively.
Conferences and workshops
organized
Dr. Nittel serves as the Program
Committee and General Co-Chair of the 1st International Workshop on
Privacy-Aware
Location-Based Mobile Services (PALMS'07), in conjunction with Mobile
Data Management, Mannheim, Germany, May 2007. She also serves as a
Steering Committee of the
3rd Conference
on Geosensor Networks (GSN3.0), Oxford, UK, July 2009.
Academic services
Dr. Worboys is a Program Committee Member
for the following conferences and workshops:
ISGIS 2010,
SSTD 2009,
GSN
2009, ACM-GIS 2009,
AGILE 2009,
MEDES 2009,
GeoS 2009,
COSIT 2009,
SMPS
2008, AR2008,
ACM-GIS 2008,
GIScience 2008,
GIDays 2008,
GeoS 2007,
DG/SUM 2007,
ITSC 2007,
AGILE 2007, COSIT 2007,
ACM-GIS
2007,
GIDays 2007
Dr. Worboys serves as the editor-in-chief for the Journal of Spatial
Information Science since 2009. He is also serves on the other editorial
boards, including Oxford University Press Spatial Information Science
Series, International Journal of Geographical Information Science,
Transactions in GIS, Geoinformatica, Computers in
Environmental and Urban Systems, Cartography and Geographic
Information Science, USISA, and Geography Compass.
Dr. Nittel is a Program
Committee Member for the following conferences and workshops:
SSDBM 2010, DMSN
2009, ACM-GIS 2009,
VLDB 2009,
DKSS
2009,
MDM 2009, ACM-GIS
2008, SSDBM 2008,
ICDE 2008,
DMSN 2008,
MobiDE 2008,
DMSN 2007, VLDB 2007,
SSDBM 2007,
ICDE 2007,
ESNs 2007
Awards
Dr. Worboys receives
University Consortium
for Geographic Science (UCGIS) Research
Award in 2008, and the
Distinguished Scientist Award from Association of Computing Machinery in
2006. He also holds an Honorary Professorial Fellow in the Department of
Geomatics, University of Melbourne, Australia since 2005.
Presentations, keynotes and invited lectures at
multidisciplinary conferences
-
Danqing Xiao,
"Modeling spatial changes in geosensor
networks", poster presentation at Graduate
Expo, University
of Maine, April
2009
-
S. Nittel, "Geosensor
Networks: New Challenges in Environmental Monitoring using Wireless
Sensor Networks
Sensing in a Changing World", keynote, November 20, 2008,
Centre for Geo-Information,
Wageningen,
Netherlands
-
Jixiang Jiang, "Detecting
basic topological changes in sensor networks by local aggregation",
ACM-GIS 2008,
Orange County,
CA, Nov. 2008. [presentation
slides]
-
S. Nittel, "Geosensor
Networks: State of the Art", invited talk,
Computing Lab, Oxford University, Oxford, UK, October 3 2008.
-
S.
Nittel, "Geosensor
Networks: State of the Art", invited talk,
Computing Lab, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK, October 1 2008.
-
S. Nittel, "Geosensor
Networks: State of the Art", invited talk,
Chungji University, Cheongjy, Korea, June 2008.
-
Mike
Worboys,
Invited keynote address at the Workshop on Temporal GIS, the Past 20
Years and the Next 20 Years,
Park City,
Utah, 23 Sept. 2008
-
Mike Worboys, "Models of geospatial change.
"Invited seminar given to the Department of Computer Science, University of Minnesota, Apr. 28, 2008.
-
Mike Worboys, "Geography in motion. "Invited
lecture to University College London, England, Centre for Advanced Spatial
Analysis, CASA Seminar, Jan. 23, 2008.
-
Mike
Worboys, "Geography in motion. "Invited
lecture to University of Edinburgh, Scotland,
EScience Centre Guest Lecture, Mar. 11, 2008.
-
Mike
Worboys, "Geospatial change. "Invited
presentation, delivered to the Third Environment Ontology Workshop
at The University of Manchester, England, Mar. 13-15, 2008.
-
Mike Worboys, Invited lectures on
spatio-temporal formation systems, delivered
remotely to the IFGI Spring School, University of Munster, Germany, Mar. 2008.
-
Cheng Zhong. "Continuous contour mapping in
sensor networks. " CCNC 2008, Las Vegas, NV,
2008. [presentation
slides]
-
Silvia Nittel. "Geosensor
networks: state of the art and looking ahead."Keynote, Muenster
GI-Days, 2007 Muenster, Germany, Sept. 11 2007.
-
Silvia
Nittel. "Geosensor
networks: a vision perspective."Invited Talk, Invited Workshop on
Ubiquitous Spatial Computing, Portland, ME, Jan. 15 2007.
-
Cheng
Zhong "Generating contours in a sensor
network using isovector aggregation. "The
5th IEEE Upstate NY Workshop on Communications, Sensors and Networking,
2007. [presentation
slides]
-
Danqing Xiao, "Study of cultural impacts on
location judgments in eastern China.
"COSIT 2007. [presentation
slides]
Related research awards (accepted/submitted)
-
M. Worboys, Government of South Korea, Indoor Spatial Awareness,
$270,000, 2008-2011.
-
K. Beard, R. Lad, R. Smith, J. Vetelino and M. Worboys, National Science
Foundation, Research Grant DGE-0504494, IGERT, Sensor Science,
Engineering, and Informatics, $3,339,065, 2005-2010.
-
M. Worboys, Ordnance Survey of Great Britain, for research with
Oracle Inc. to develop a spatiotemporal data model, $138,000,
2005-2007
-
M. Worboys, N.Guidice, National Science Foundation, Research Grant,
Proposal No: 0916219, III:RI:Small: Information integration and
human interaction for indoor and outdoor spaces, $478,715,
submitted Dec. 2008.
-
M. Worboys, J. Saros, J. Peckenham, National Science Foundation,
Research Grant, Proposal No:0916255, III:Small: Decentralized
spatiotemporal computing for monitoring environmental phenomena,
$494,968, submitted Dec. 2008.
[back to top]
Resources
Papers in the area of
homology in sensor networks
-
V
Silva, R Ghrist, "Homological
sensor networks. "In Notices of
the American Mathematical Society,
54(1), pp. 10 – 17, 2007.
-
R. Ghrist, and
A. Muhammad. "Coverage
and hole-detection in sensor networks via homology."In Proc. 4th
Internat. Sympos.
Information Processing in Sensor Networks, pp. 254–260, 2005.
-
C. A.
Delfinado, and H Edelsbrunner,
"An
incremental algorithm for Betti numbers of
simplicial complexes. "In
Proceedings of the ninth annual symposium on Computational geometry, pp.
232-239, 1993.
- Muhammad and A.
Jadbabaie, "Decentralized
computation of homology groups in networks by gossip. "In
Proceedings of American Control Conference, pp. 3438-3443, 2007.
Papers in the area of boundary (contour) detecting
and reporting
-
J. Lian, L. Chen,
K. Naik, Y. Liu, and G.B.
Agnew, "Gradient
boundary detection for time series snapshot construction in sensor
networks. "In IEEE
Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 18(10), pp.
1462–1475, 2007.
-
X. Zhu, R. Sarkar, J.
Gao, and J.S.B. Mitchell, "Light-weight
contour tracking in wireless sensor networks."In INFOCOM, 2008, pp.
1175–1183.
-
R. Sarkar, X. Zhu, J. Gao, L.J.
Guibas, and J.S.B. Mitchell, "Iso-contour
queries and gradient descent with guaranteed delivery in sensor networks."In
INFOCOM, 2008, pp. 960–967.
-
S. Gandhi, J. Hershberger, and S. Suri,
"Approximate
isocontours and spatial summaries for sensor
networks."In IPSN, 2007, pp. 400–409.
-
A. Silberstein, R. Braynard, and J. Yang, "Constraint
chaining: on energy-efficient continuous monitoring in sensor networks."In
Proc. of the 2006 ACM SIGMOD Intl. Conf. on Management of Data, 2006,
pp. 157–168.
-
I. Solis, and K. Obraczka,
"Efficient
continuous mapping in sensor networks using
isolines."In Proc. of the 2005
MobiQuitous, 2005, pp. 325–332.
-
J. M. Hellerstein, W.
Hong, S. Madden, and K. Stanek,
"Beyond
average: Toward sophisticated sensing with queries."In IPSN, 2003,
pp. 63–79.
-
X. Meng, L. Li, T.
Nandagopal, and S. Lu, "Event
contour: An efficient and robust mechanism for tasks in sensor networks."Technical
Report, UCLA, 2004.
-
K. Chintalapudi, and R.
Govindan, "Localized
edge detection in sensor fields."In Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 1, no.
2-3, pp. 273–291, 2003.
-
M. Ding, D. Chen, K. Xing, and X. Cheng, "Localized
fault-tolerant event boundary detection in sensor networks ."In
INFOCOM, 2005, pp. 902–913.
-
B. Krishnamachari, and
S. Iyengar,
"Distributed
bayesian algorithms for fault-tolerant event
region detection in wireless sensor networks."In IEEE Transactions
on Computers, Vol. 53, No. 3, pp. 241–250, March 2004.
-
J. Zhao, R. Govindan, and D.
Estrin: "Residual
energy scans for monitoring wireless sensor networks."In:
Proceedings of the IEEE Wilress
Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC 02). (2002) 17–21
-
R. Nowak, and U. Mitra, "Boundary
estimation in sensor networks: theory and methods."In Proceedings of
the First International Workshop on Information Processing in Sensor
Networks, April 2003.
Papers in the area of dynamic network
configuration
-
M.K. Watfa, and S.
Commuri, "An
energy efficient approach to dynamic coverage in wireless sensor
networks."In Journal of Networks, Vol. 1, No. 4, Aug. 2006.
-
M. Duckham, S. Nittel,
and M.F. Worboys, "Monitoring
dynamic spatial fields using responsive geosensor
networks."In ACMGIS 2005: 51–60
-
K. Kar, A. Krishnamurthy, and N.
Jaggi, "Dynamic
node activation in networks of rechargeable sensors."In INFOCOM
2005. 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and
Communications Societies. Proceedings IEEE Volume 3, 1997–2007.
-
W. Zhang, and G. Cao, "DCTC:
Dynamic convoy tree-based collaboration for mobile target tracking." In
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Vol. 3, No. 5, pp.
1689–1701, 2004.
-
J. Liu, P. Cheung, L.
Guibas, and F. Zhao, "A
dual-space approach to tracking and sensor management in wireless sensor
networks."In WSNA, pp. 131–139, 2002.
-
Y. Xu, J. Heidemann,
and D. Estrin, "Geography-informed
energy conservation for ad-hoc routing."In Proceedings of the
Seventh Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on
Mobile Computing and Networking 2001, pp.
70–84.
Papers in the area of topological boundary
detection
-
Q. Fang, J. Gao, and L.
Guibas. "Locating
and bypassing routing holes in sensor networks."In Proc. Mobile
Networks and Applications, vol. 11, pp. 187–200, 2006.
-
A. Kröller,
S.P. Fekete, D. Pfisterer, and S. Fischer. "Deterministic
boundary recognition and topology extraction for large sensor networks."In
Proc. 17th ACM-SIAM Sympos. Discrete
Algorithms, pp. 1000–1009, 2006.
-
Y. Wang, J. Gao, and J.S.B. Mitchell,
"Boundary
recognition in sensor networks by topological methods."The 12th
Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom'06), 122–133,
September, 2006.
-
S.P. Fekete, M. Kaufmann,
A. Kröller,
and N. Lehmann. "A
new approach for boundary recognition in geometric sensor networks."In
Proc. 17th Canadian Conference on Computational Geometry, pp. 82–85,
2005.
-
S. Funke. "Topological
hole detection in wireless sensor networks and its applications."In
Proc. Joint Workshop on Foundations of Mobile Computing, pp. 44–53, 2005.
-
S.P. Fekete, A. Kröller,
D. Pfisterer, S. Fischer, and C. Buschmann. "Neighborhood-based
topology recognition in sensor networks."In Proc. of ALGOSENSORS,
Springer LNCS vol. 3121, pp. 123–136, 2004.
-
B. Deb, S. Bhatnagar, and B.
Nath. "STREAM:
Sensor topology retrieval at multiple resolutions."In
Telecommunication Systems 26(2-4), pp. 285–320, 2004.
Other useful paper resources
A
Wireless Sensor Networks Bibliography ,
Distributed sensor network reading list
Simulation tools
TinyOS,
Network Simulator 2,
Prowler