Formalizing Informal Geographic Information: Cross-Cultural Human Subjects Testing

Mike Gould, Juan Nunes, David Comas, Max Egenhofer, Scott Freundschuh, and David Mark

Abstract

Spatial relations between geographic entities must necessarily be formalized for implementation--most notably in query languages and overlay processing. Proposals for spatial query languages generally state that "people want or need geographic information of type X and they express this in manner Y," however, these assumptions typically are drawn from introspection and small biased samples. We describe seven human subjects tests which we have designed as part of a collaborative research project, and using which some 600 people have been tested to date. The paper emphasizes the need to adopt human subjects testing methods such as are commonly accepted in human factors, in order to justify our statements regarding the use of geographic information.